Mistakes on Maps - Fringe 2026
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Mistakes on Maps
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Introduction
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The Library of Mistakes
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Mistakes on Maps - Cast
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Young Tom Paper
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Ran Out of Space
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London Underground - 1933 - Harry Beck
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For this presentation...
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Run of Show 1
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Audience Map!
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All Maps Are Wrong
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A Perfect Map Is Useless
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A Mistake On A Map Is Like Being Doubly Wrong
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Double, Double, Toil And Trouble
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Open Polar Sea - Silas Bent - 1872
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Africa - Munster - 1550
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Tabula Prima Europab - 1482
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A Map or Chart of the Road of Love, and Harbour of Marriage - 1748
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Map of the Sea - Olaus Magnus - 1572
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Typus Orbus Terrarum - Ortelius - 1570
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Oval planisphere - 1530 - Biblioteca Vaticana, codex Urb Lat 274
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Flat Earth map - Orlando Ferguson - 1893
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Flat Earth
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Belief in a Flat Earth
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Babylonian Map of the World - 8th Century, BC
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Babylonian Clay Tablet
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Flat Earth - Anaximander - 6th Century BCE
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Round Earth - Aristotle - 4th Century BCE
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This Is Not What Happened
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Crackpots Will Always Exist
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Flat Earth map - Orlando Ferguson - 1893
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It Is Round, But How Round
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Circumference of the Earth, by Eratosthenes, 3rd Century BCE
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The Almagest - Ptolemy - 2nd Century CE
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The Tetrabiblios - Ptolemy - 2nd Century CE
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The Geography of Ptolemy - 2nd Century CE
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Ulm Ptolemy - 1482
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Globe - Martin Behaim - 1492
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Behaim Globe - 1492
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America or Columbia?
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Columbus Pitches His Expedition To The Indies, 1484-1492
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Behaim Globe - 1492
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Alternative Routes (Not Overland) To The Indies Are Sought
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European Explorations in America - 1492 - 1610
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When Facts Don't Match The Conclusion
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The First Viral Idea in Geography, 1504
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The World - Waldseemueller - 1507
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The Great Southern Continent Below
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Classical Theory of Climata
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Goldilocks And The Three Bears
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Mean Monthly Temperature in August
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Les Isles Britanniques qui contiennent les Royaumes d'Angleterre, Escosse, et Irlande - Jan Barend Elwe - 1792
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Tabula Prima Europab - 1482
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Oval planisphere - 1530 - Biblioteca Vaticana, codex Urb Lat 274
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Typus Orbus Terrarum - Ortelius - 1570
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Map of the World - Hendrik Hondius - 1630
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Final Proof of No Great Southern Continent Below - 1772-1775
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Here Be Dragons!
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Here Be Dragons - More Popular Today Than In The Past
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Hunt Lenox Globe and My Cousin Danny
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Hunt-Lenox Globe - 1508
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The Lenox Globe Map
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Sea Monsters
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Where Knowledge Ended, Mapmakers Filled Oceans With Sea Monsters
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Indiae Orientalis - Abraham Ortelius - 1570
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Universale Descrittione Di Tutta la Terra - 1568 - Conosciuta Fin Qui - Giacomo Gastaldi - 1568
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Map of the Sea - Olaus Magnus - 1572
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Americae sive qvartae orbis partis nova et exactissima descriptio - Diego Gutiérrez - 1562
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Monstrous People
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Monstrous People
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Psalter Map - artist unknown - 1265
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Psalter Map (Line Drawing)
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Borgia Map - 1450
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Borgia Map (Line Drawing)
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Americae sive qvartae orbis partis nova et exactissima descriptio - Diego Gutiérrez - 1562
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North and South America - Sebastian Munster - 1559
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Africa - Munster - 1550
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Paradise
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Psalter Map - artist unknown - 1265DUPLICATED
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Paradise - Hondius and Mercator - 1607
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Paradise - Mathieu Brouart Beroalde - 1575
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The Map of Hell - Sandro Botticelli - 1480-1490
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The Map of Hell (detail) - Botticelli -
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The Last Judgement - Sistine Chapel - Michelangelo - 1536
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Paradise And Hell In Medieval Europe
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Prester John
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Christendom vs. Islam
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The Crusades
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The Letter of Prester John, 1165
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The Letter Was A Fake
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Africa - Munster - 1550
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East Africa - 1558
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Portolan - Jacobus Russus of Messina - 1533
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Starving For Hope
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The Island of California
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Typus Orbus Terrarum - Ortelius - 1570
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California NOT As An Island - 1600
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Onboard A Spanish Ship
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How California Came To Be Shown As An Island, 1602-1625
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Dutch Pirate
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North America - Briggs - 1622
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Map of the World - Hendrik Hondius - 1630
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North America - Berry & Sanson - 1680
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Passage Par Terre A La Californie - Eusebio Kino - 1701
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L'Amerique Septentrionale - Guillame Delisle - 1700
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La Californie ou Nouvelle Caroline - Nicolas de Fer - 1720
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The Darien Scheme
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In 1697, Scotland Was An Independent Kingdom
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In 1697, Scotland Had No Colonies
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The Americas
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Spanish and Scottish Paths Across The Isthmus
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The Promise of New Caledonia - 1697
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New Caledonia in Darien - Herman Moll - 1699
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New Caledonia and The Darien Scheme - Jenifer & Moll - 1699
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The Disaster of Darien - 1700
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The Darien Gap
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Panama
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Scilly Naval Disaster
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Cloudsley Shovel
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British Naval Expedition - 1707
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Latitude and LongitudeDUPLICATED
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The English Channel - John Mount - 1752
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The Scilly Naval Disaster - 1739
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The Scilly Naval Disaster, 1707
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The Longitude Act
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John Harrison, 1767 (1693-1776)
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Harrison, Maskelyne And The Longitude Act of 1714
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The Northwest Passage
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![[ 2026-04-13 01:39:38 ]](https://iiif.pixeum.org/iiif/3/1776044401_69dc4971a28b2/full/500,/0/default.jpg)
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Cantino Planisphere - Unknown Maker - 1502
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Spanish vs. Portugal | Liverpool vs. ManU
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Magellan's Circumnavigation - 1522
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Typus Orbus Terrarum - Ortelius - 1570
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Verrazzano's Voyage - 1524
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North and South America - Sebastian Munster - 1559
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The North Pole - Gerhard Mercator - 1595
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Expeditions to Find The Northwest Passage
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British Possessions in America - Thomas and Andrews - 1805
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Northwest Passage - Robert de Vaugondy - 1772
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Franklin Expedition - 1845
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Man Proposes, God Disposes - Edwin Landseer - 1864
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Amundsen + Crew + Gjoa - 1905
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The Australian Inland Sea
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Map of the World - Hendrik Hondius - 1630
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Planiglobii Terrestris - Johann Baptist Homann - 1716
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Matthew Flinders Map of Australia - 1814
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Thomas Maslen, 1827
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Carte de la Louisiane et du Cours du Mississipi - Guillaume de L'Isle - 1718
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The Danube in Europe
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Australia's Inland Sea - Thomas J. Maslen - 1827
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Map of Australia - Edward Stanford - 1879
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Australie - St Martin and Schrader - 1930
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Quote by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle
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The Mountains of Kong
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Africa - Munster - 1550
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Africa - Thomas Bakewell -1729
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River Basins in Africa
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Mungo Park - 1771-1806
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James Rennell - 1742-1830
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Europe and Mountain Ranges
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Mountains, Rivers & The Silk Roads
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North Africa - James Rennell - 1798
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Africa - James Rennel - 1799
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A New Map of Africa" - John Cary - 1805
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West Africa - Whittaker, Pinnock & Strand - 1819
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Africa - Becker - 1842
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King Kong - 1933
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King Kong - 1933
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Fake Islands for Financiers
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Polar Fever
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Baldwin-Ziegler Expedition - Anthony Fiala - 1903
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Peary & Crocker
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Cook & Bradley
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North Pole Regions (and Crocker Land) – National Geographic - 1907
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Peary vs. Cook
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Map of Supposed Crocker Land and Bradley Land - 1912
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Crocker Land
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The Crocker Land Expedition
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The Arctic - 1910
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Famous Forgeries
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Nicolo Zeno and The Zeno Brothers
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The Zeno Map - 1558(?)
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Memoirs of George Psalmanazar - 1704
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Images of Formosa - George Psalmanazar - 1704
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A Map of Formosa - George Psalmanazar - 1704
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George Psalmanazar at Oxford - 1704
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Yale Announces The Vinland Map - 1965
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Vinland Map - Forgery
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Yale Announces They Know How To Spot Fakes - 2021
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Canals on Mars
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Galileo in His Study - ChatGPT - 2026
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Galileo's sketches of the moon - 1610
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Giovanni Schiaparelli - 1877
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Mars - Schiaparelli - 1877
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Mars - Giovanni Schiaparelli - 1877
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Percival Lowell at his Observatory, 1855-1916
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Percival Lowell’s Drawing of Canals on Mars
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Percival Lowell’s Theory About Ancient Canals Built on Mars
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H.G. Wells and The War Of The Worlds
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War Of The Worlds - Orson Welles - 1938
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US Government Map of Mars - 1962
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A Map of Life Mistakes
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A Map or Chart of the Road of Love, and Harbour of Marriage - 1748
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The Road to Success - Etude Magazine - 1913
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Isle of Pleasure - Lawrence - 1931
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Woman’s Heart - 1833-1842
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Man’s Heart - 1833-1842
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The Open Polar Sea
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The North Pole - Gerhard Mercator - 1595
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The Gulf Stream - Ben Franklin - 1786
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Northern Hemisphere - John Thomson - 1814
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August Peterman
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Polar Chart to Illustrate A. Petermann's Papers on the Arctic Region - 1852
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Open Polar Sea - Silas Bent - 1872
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James Gordon Bennett, Jr.
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George De Long
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The Journey of The Jeannette
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The Fate of The Jeannette
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Arctic Regions - Rand McNally - 1910
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Jeannette Expedition - The Wasp - May 1882
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Map Traps
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Michigan Highway Map - 1980-1981
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Go Blue
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Map of Michigan (Goblu) - Peter Fletcher, State Highway Commission - 1978-1979
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London A to Z
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General View of London & Ski Slope
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London A to Z Map Trap
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Specific View of Where Ski Slope Was Listed As A Map Trap
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Tower Ski Slope
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Agloe in Eastern United States
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Otto G. Lindberg & Ernest Alpers ~ 1930
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Bert & Ernie
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Otto G. Lindberg & Ernest Alpers ~ 1930
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LEGOA - GELOA - OLGAE
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Agloe on New York State Map
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Agloe New York
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Wait? What's Your Name?
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Falkland Islands or Islas Malvinas?
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Myanmar or Burma?
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Londonderry or Derry?
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Persian Gulf or Arabian Gulf?
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Sea of Japan or East Sea?
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Emperor Hadrian
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Adriatic Sea - 1572
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The Venetian Golden Age
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Gulf of Venice - Nicolas de Fer - 1716
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The Return of the Adriatic Sea - 1797
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Naming Practices of Famous Emperors
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Gulf of What?
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Americae sive qvartae orbis partis nova et exactissima descriptio - Diego Gutiérrez - 1562
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Gulf of Mexico - 1719
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Gulf of America or Gulf of Mexico?
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The Cartographic Corollary
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Never Let The Truth Get In The Way Of A Good Story - Mark Twain
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Drink Maps
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Woman's Holy War. Grand Charge on the Enemy's Works - 1874
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The Curse of Drink - 1910
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Temperance -
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Diagrams of a Face and the Stomach
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Temperance
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Bar-Tender
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On the Mode of Communication of Cholera - John Snow - 1854
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Glasgow Drink Map - John G. Bartholomew - 1884
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Drink Map - Oxford -
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Map Showing Number of Public Houses in a District of Central London - Rowntree, Joseph & Arthur Sherwell - 1899
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Drink Maps - When The Mistake Is In How The Map Is Used
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Drink Maps - When The Mistake Is In How The Map Is Used
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Death by GPS
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Phil Paxton & Family
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A Dark And Rainy Night
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Phil's Route Home
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What the maps website says today
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9 Years Without An Update
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He Drove Across A Nonexistant Bridge
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Rita and Albert Chretien - March 2011
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Albert & Rita's Route
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Rita & Al Chretien - going back to their intended route
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Nevada Paper Road Map
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One of the Most Sparsely Populated Places
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Albert With His Trust GPS
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Rita & Al Chretien - 7 weeks in a van
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Alicia and Carlos Sánchez - 2009
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Death Valley National Park
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California Paper Road Map - Sanchez
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Iceland Paper Road Map
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Modern Mistakes
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Noel Santillan - Iceland - 2016
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Six Hours In Iceland
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Indonesian Man Goes To Wrong Wedding Venue
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Groom Almost Marries Wrong Woman
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North Stradbroke Island
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Three Japanese Tourists
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California Paper Road Map - Tom Paper
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A Shortcut
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Things Get Interesting
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Traffic Builds Up
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A Shortcut 2
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A Shortcut 3
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Towed Out & 6 Hours Delayed
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Thank You!
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Run of Show 2
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Run of Show 3
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Run of Show 4
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